Emhlabeni wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo nokuphatha, obunye bobuchwepheshe obusha kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje nge Iziqukathi ze-Docker. Le nkundla iguqule indlela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezakheka ngayo, ezisatshalaliswa, nezisetshenziswa ngayo, okuvumela indawo evumelana nezimo futhi esebenza kahle. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka kabanzi ukuthi iyini i-Docker, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ungathola kanjani okuningi kuyo ukuze uthuthukise ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi.
Uma uke wazabalaza nokuhambisana kwesoftware ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene noma wabhekana nobunzima bokuhambisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zisuka ekuthuthukisweni ziye ekukhiqizeni, i-Docker iyisixazululo obukade usifuna. Indlela yayo esekwe esitsheni ivumela ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zibe ngaphezulu amalaptop, iyavumelana y kulula ukuphatha.
Yini iDocker?
I-Docker iyinkundla yomthombo ovulekile yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa, ukuthumela, nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe iziqukathi. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukunciphisa izinkinga zokusebenzisana phakathi kwezindawo ngokuhlanganisa yonke into edingekayo ukuze usebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza kuphakheji eyodwa.
Ngamagama alula, isiqukathi se-Docker iyunithi ephathekayo ehlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza nakho konke okwayo imvelo yesikhathi sokusebenza, njengemitapo yolwazi, okuncikile, nezilungiselelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa uhlelo lwakho kunoma yiluphi uhlelo olufake i-Docker ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngalo izingxabano zenguqulo noma ukucupha.
Zisebenza kanjani iziqukathi ze-Docker?
Ngokungafani ne- imishini engokoqobo Ngokungafani neziqukathi zendabuko ezidinga isistimu yokusebenza egcwele yohlelo ngalunye, iziqukathi ze-Docker zabelana ngohlelo lokusebenza lomsingathi, okuzenza zibe lula futhi zisebenze kahle kakhudlwana. Isiqukathi ngasinye sisebenza sodwa, siqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza aziphazamisi zodwa.
Inqubo yokusebenza ye-Docker isuselwe ku:
- Izithombe ze-Docker: Ziyizifanekiso ezingaguquleki eziqukethe konke okudingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe isiqukathi.
- Iziqukathi: Basebenzisa izibonelo zesithombe se-Docker.
- Injini ye-Docker: Yinkonzo elawula izitsha.
- I-Docker Hub: Inqolobane eku-inthanethi egcina izithombe esezilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zeziqukathi ze-Docker
Ukusebenzisa i-Docker kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuthunyelwa. i-virtualization kanye nokuthunyelwa kwesoftware:
- Ukuphatheka: Iziqukathi ze-Docker zingasebenza kunoma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza efakwe i-Docker.
- Ukusebenza kahle: Ngokwabelana nge-kernel yesistimu, iziqukathi zisebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kunemishini ebonakalayo.
- Ukwehluka: Ilungiselela ukudalwa nokuphathwa kwezimo eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza.
- Ukuhambisana: Iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza ngendlela efanayo ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni.
I-Docker vs. Imishini ebonakalayo
Esinye seziqhathaniso ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwe-Docker nemishini ebonakalayo. Nakuba zombili zivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zisebenze ezindaweni ezingazodwa, zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile:
| Característica | Docker | Imishini ebonakalayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kusebenza | Okuphansi | high |
| Isikhathi sokuqala | Okusheshayo | Kancane |
| Ukuphatheka | Alta | Maphakathi |
| Ukuzihlukanisa | Kwabiwe nomsingathi | Ivalwe ngokuphelele |
Ngokuvamile, i-Docker iyisinqumo esingcono uma kudingeka isivinini nokusebenza kahle, kuyilapho imishini ebonakalayo ifaneleka kangcono izindawo lapho ukuzihlukanisa okuphelele kubaluleke kakhulu.
Imiqondo esemqoka ezitsheni ze-Docker
I-Docker Engine
Iyinjini ewumgogodla ye-Docker futhi inika amandla ukusebenza kweziqukathi. Isebenza ngaphansi kwemodeli ye-client-server, lapho i- I-Docker Daemon iphatha izicelo futhi iphathe iziqukathi.
Ihabhu ledokodo
Kuyinqolobane eku-inthanethi lapho ungathola khona izinkulungwane izithombe ukulungele ukusebenzisa noma ukulayisha eyakho. Kunezithombe ezisemthethweni zamathuluzi adumile afana ne-Nginx, MySQL kanye neRedis.
I-Docker Ukubhala
Ithuluzi elenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iziqukathi eziningi njengengxenye yohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa. Ilungele amaphrojekthi adinga amaningana amasevisi axhumene, njengesizindalwazi kanye neseva yewebhu.
I-Dockerfile
Kuyifayela lombhalo eliqukethe i- imiyalo ukwakha isithombe se-Docker. Ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwakhiwa kwezithombe zangokwezifiso.
Ukuthumela nokusebenzisa Iziqukathi ze-Docker
Ukuze uqale ukusebenzisa i-Docker, kufanele uqale uyifake ohlelweni lwakho. Uma isifakiwe, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi yonke into isebenza kahle ngokuqalisa:
docker run hello-worldLo myalo uzolanda futhi usebenzise isitsha sokuhlola esizoqinisekisa ukuthi i-Docker isebenza kahle.
Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa ne-Docker Compose
Uma unohlelo lokusebenza oludinga iseva yewebhu kanye nesizindalwazi, ungakuchaza kokubili amasevisi kufayela docker-compose.yml futhi uwagijime nge:
docker-compose upLokhu kuzoqala zonke izinkonzo ngeziqukathi ezihlukene kodwa ezixhumene.
I-Container Orchestration ne-Kubernetes
Lapho iphrojekthi ikhula futhi idinga ukuphatha iziqukathi eziningi kumaseva ahlukene, Kubernetes iba yithuluzi eliyisisekelo. Ivumela:
- Hlela ukuthunyelwa nezibuyekezo.
- Phatha izinsiza kanye nomthwalo webhalansi.
- Qinisekisa ukutholakala okuphezulu.
Ngenxa ye-Docker, ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nokusatshalaliswa sekusebenze kahle futhi kuyavumelana nezimo. Ikhono layo lokudala izindawo ezingazodwa neziphathwayo liyenza ilungele abathuthukisi namathimba e-IT. Ngamathuluzi afana ne-Docker Compose ne-Kubernetes, kungenzeka ukuletha i ukusebenza kahle y ukukhubazeka ezingeni elilandelayo, okwenza kube lula nokulawulwa kakhudlwana ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kunoma iyiphi indawo. Yabelana ngaleli thuluzi ukuze abantu abaningi bazi ngalo..