Emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe oqhubeka nokuthuthukela ezixazululweni ezinamandla nakakhulu neziyinkimbinkimbi, isiphakamiso esihluke kakhulu sibambe isithakazelo sezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha kanye nabashisekeli besofthiwe yamahhala. Kuyikhompyutha encane engasebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux isebenzisa kuphela ama-chips ahlanganisiwe angama-8-pin abizwa 8pinLinux.
Le phrojekthi, eyakhiwe unjiniyela u-Dimity Grinberg, ifinyelele lokho okwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka: ukusebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza ephelele njenge-Linux ebhodini elingena kalula entendeni yesandla. Into emangalisa kakhulu kukho konke ukuthi ifinyelela lokhu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amapulatifomu ajwayelekile njenge-Raspberry Pi noma i-Arduino, kodwa ngokuthembela ekucushweni okuncane kakhulu nokukhethekile.
Iyini ngempela i-8pinLinux?
Le phrojekthi 8pinLinux Kwazalwa njengombukiso wezobuchwepheshe wokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha kungahamba kude kangakanani uma kwenziwa ngokwedlulele. Esikhundleni sokubheja kumaphrosesa asezingeni eliphezulu noma inkumbulo eshesha kakhulu, indlela kaGrinberg kube uku khulisa ukusebenza ngezinzuzo ezincane Futhi ukuze ubone ukuthi lo mqondo uhlobana kanjani namanye ama-PC amancane emakethe.
Le microcomputer yakhelwe phezu kwe Ibhodi Lesifunda Eliphrintiwe (PCB) yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukufaka ama-chips amathathu amakhulu, wonke aku-8-pin SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuit) emaphaketheni. Lezi zici, naphezu kwemikhawulo yazo esobala, ziyakwazi ukusebenza ndawonye ukuze zinikeze isisekelo sokusebenza esisebenzayo se-Linux.
Izingxenye ezenza lokhu kwenzeke
Ama-chips amathathu asetshenziswa ikhava imisebenzi eyisisekelo ngaphakathi kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwekhompiyutha, nakuba kulokhu benza kanjalo ngaphansi komgomo we ukukhulisa izinsiza endaweni encane, ngenhloso yokukhombisa ukuthi i-Linux ingaqhutshwa ngaphandle kwehadiwe evamile.
- I-STM32G0 enezakhiwo ze-ARM Cortex-M0+: Lesi silawuli esincane sisebenza njengeprosesa eyinhloko yesistimu. Nakuba kuyi-chip elinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-CPU esimanje, inikeza okwanele ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezenziwe lula ze-ARM.
- 8 MB inkumbulo ye-PSRAM: Le nkumbulo isebenza njenge-RAM yesistimu. Iyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza futhi, nakuba umthamo wayo uphansi kakhulu ngezindinganiso zamanje, ivumela i-Linux ukuthi isebenze nemikhawulo ethile.
- I-USB chip PL2303GL: Inesibopho sokuhlinzeka kokubili ukuxhumana namandla. Inikeza okukhiphayo okulawulwayo kwe-3.3V ene-current ye-100mA, okungaphezu kokwanele uhlelo oluqukethwe olunjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zici ezintathu ezibalulekile, ibhodi elincane lihlanganisa a Isikhala sekhadi le-MicroSD, esebenza njengesistimu yokulondoloza eyengeziwe. Igcina isistimu yokusebenza (Debian, kuleli cala) kanye nedatha yesikhashana. Nakuba isivinini sokufunda nokubhala kungesona esihamba phambili, isistimu isasebenza futhi, okuyimpumelelo enkulu. Lokhu kuyathakazelisa uma uqhathanisa i-8pinLinux nezinye izinketho ze-PC encane.
Umlingo ngemuva kokusebenza: Ukulingisa kwe-MIPS kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-8pinLinux
Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngephrojekthi akuyona nje i-miniaturization, kodwa ukuthi ifinyelelwe kanjani. ukuthi i-Linux isebenza endaweni enomkhawulo. Ukufeza lokhu, uGrinberg wasebenzisa i- I-emulator ye-MIPS yezakhiwo, ithuluzi elikuvumela ukuthi uhumushe futhi wenze iziqondiso ezidizayinelwe leyo nkundla kuphrosesa ye-ARM ye-chip.
Ngenxa yalokhu kulingisa, ungaqala inguqulo ye Debian, okuthi nakuba ihlushwa izinkinga zejubane (ukuqala kuhamba kancane futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo siyisisekelo), sisebenza ngokugcwele. Lokhu kukhombisa, futhi, ukuguquguquka okwedlulele kwe-Linux kernel, ekwazi ukusebenza cishe kunoma iyiphi ihadiwe uma kwenziwa ukulungiswa okudingekayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhasi okwabelwana ngawo: inselele yobuchwepheshe
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ngesikhathi sentuthuko kwaba ukwabelana kwamabhasi edatha phakathi kwekhadi le-SD nohlelo lokuxhuma lwe-USB. Zombili izingxenye zidinga ukuxhumana kwe-SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), okungase kubangele ukuphazamiseka.
Ukuxazulula le ngxabano, uGrinberg usebenzise i-a Isihlungi sethrafikhi se-SPI esikhethekile okuvumela ukuhlukanisa amasiginali aphezulu naphansi. Le nqubo, engavamile kulolu hlobo lokuhlanganisa, ivumele zombili izici ukuthi zisebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuzinza kwesistimu.
Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-microcomputer ane-8pinLinux
Ukuze ubeke ubukhulu bale phrojekthi kumongo, kungase kusize ukuyiqhathanisa namanye amadivayisi aziwayo njenge-Raspberry Pi. Eyokugcina ilinganisa mayelana ne-85mm x 56mm, kuyilapho i-PCB ye- 8pinLinux Icishe ibe ngu-30 mm x 30 mm, okungukuthi, icishe 20 izikhathi ezincane. Umehluko ngosayizi uwenza idivayisi ethokozisayo uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-PC amancane.
Futhi nakuba izici zingenakuqhathaniswa nokude, inani le-8pinLinux lisemandleni ayo okusebenza njenge indawo yokuhlola ucwaningo lwangomuso ezindaweni ezifana nezinhlelo ezishumekiwe, i-IoT noma imfundo yezobuchwepheshe. Inketho enhle kakhulu kulabo abasha ezinhlelweni nakwikhompyutha.
Ingabe inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo noma iwukuhlola nje?
Le khompyutha encane ayihloselwe ukumiselela ama-PC endabuko noma ama-SBC (Amakhompyutha Ebhodi Elilodwa) njenge-Raspberry Pi noma i-Banana Pi. Kuwubufakazi obuningi bomqondo obubonisa amathuba esofthiwe yamahhala uma isetshenziswa ngobuhlakani nolwazi lobuchwepheshe. Le ndlela emisha ingafaniswa nezinye izisetshenziswa, njenge I-Acer Revo One.
Inani lingaphakathi bonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa ihadiwe ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza okuyisisekelo. Lezi zici zenza kube ikhandidethi elinamandla lezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho intengo, usayizi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu, njenge:
- Amadivayisi abiza kancane okufundisa ubuchwepheshe.
- Amaphrojekthi we-automation yezimboni athize kakhulu.
- Amasistimu ashumekiwe kunkambu ye-IoT.
- Amalabhorethri okuhlola abafundi bobunjiniyela be-elekthronikhi noma isayensi yekhompyutha.
I-Linux njengophawu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusimama
I-Linux kernel ifakazele, futhi, yayo ukuguquguquka okungenakuqhathaniswa. Iyakwazi ukusebenzisa yonke into kusukela eziphakelini zebhizinisi ezinamandla amakhulu kuya kule divayisi encane yama-chip amathathu, isiziqinise njengomunye wezinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguquka kakhulu emlandweni. Kulabo abafuna ezinye izindlela emhlabeni wesoftware yamahhala, lena inketho ethokozisayo.
Lezi zinhlobo zamaphrojekthi ziqinisa ukusebenziseka kwazo hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo, kodwa nangenxa yazo indlela esimeme, efinyelelekayo nefundisayo. Esimweni lapho imfucuza ye-elekthronikhi yanda futhi namadivayisi aphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha, imizamo efana ne-8pinLinux ivula indlela yokusebenzisa ikhompuyutha eqaphela kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle.
Ukuhlolwa okuholwa nguGrinberg kukhombisa ukuthi ukuqamba okusha akudingi njalo ibhajethi enkulu noma ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu. Kunalokho, ubuhlakani bezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqonda okujulile kwe isofthiwe ingafinyelela imiphumela ephazamisayo ngempela.
Kusukela kusayizi wayo ophansi, le khompuyutha encane ikwenza kucace ukuthi ikusasa lekhompuyutha lingaba elihlangene, lisebenze kahle, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, lithengeke. Yabelana ngolwazi ukuze abanye abasebenzisi bazi ngale 8pinLinux microcomputer.